La formation en ligne pendant la pandémie: La communication et l’interaction entre l’enseignant / l’apprenant


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Aytekin H.

Turkish Studies - Language and Literature, cilt.17, sa.4, ss.1131-1143, 2022 (Hakemli Dergi) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 17 Sayı: 4
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.7827/turkishstudies.57960
  • Dergi Adı: Turkish Studies - Language and Literature
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Linguistic Bibliography, MLA - Modern Language Association Database, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1131-1143
  • Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Résumé: Le Covid-19 est un nouveau virus qui a fait son apparition en décembre dernier en Chine. Il se transmet d’une personne à une autre lors d’un étroit contact entre elles. Au début, personne ne savait qu’une seule personne infectée par ce virus “mortel” allait être le facteur d’une pandémie ; ce dernier s'est ensuite diffusé dans le monde entier. Vu que le virus a fait trop de morts, les dirigeants des pays ont mis en pratique une série de mesures pour arrêter la contamination et la propagation du virus. La pandémie a bien affecté la vie sociale de toutes les sociétés, sans faire aucune discrimination. Il n’y avait peut-être qu’une réalité inexorable à dire sur ce virus ; c’est sa justice, sa dimension universelle! Quel que soit le salaire, le genre, la géographie, la race et l’origine ethnique ou le statut social, le coronavirus a touché tout le monde. Ainsi le coronavirus a eu un impact sur notre vie quotidienne ; il est devenu dévastateur sur notre système de valeurs et à juste titre le système éducatif ne fut pas exempté de ce fléau. La pandémie de Covid-19 a perturbé tous les systèmes éducatifs de l’Histoire de l’humanité. C’était une perturbation soudaine et non résolue de l'apprentissage qui a eu indiscutablement un impact ravageur sur la continuité de l'apprentissage. En raison des fermetures des établissements scolaires et des universités dans le monde entier, l'apprentissage a connu une coupure presque complète et une situation sans précédent dans l'Histoire. Pour cette raison, il est devenu nécessaire d'introduire l'innovation et la créativité pour assurer la continuité et l'efficacité de l'éducation. Ce passage soudain à l'enseignement à distance a obligé les élèves/étudiants et les enseignants du monde entier à utiliser des technologies au moins pour maintenir la communication-interaction qui était absolument nécessaire entre eux. Étant donné que les nouveaux apprentissages sont généralement basés sur l'acquisition de nouvelles informations, un enseignement efficace ne peut être atteint sans communication. L’interaction occupe une place importante au cours de la formation. Dans ce travail, nous allons aborder trois types d’interactions: apprenant- instructeur, apprenant-contenu et apprenant-apprenant. Comme le système éducatif implique plusieurs acteurs de l’éducation, nous allons nous focaliser plutôt sur le niveau de l’université plus spécialement sur la communication et interaction entre les étudiants et les enseignants. Ce travail qualitatif a été mené par la méthode de recueil documentaire.
Abstract: Covid-19 is a new virus that emerged in China last December 2020. It is easily transmitted from one person to another due to close contact between them. At first, no one knew that a single infected person with this "deadly" virus would spread throughout the world, causing a huge epidemic. On top of that, the authorities of almost all countries in the world have set out to take a series of health measures to control the transmission and spread of the virus, which has caused many deaths. The epidemic has indeed affected the social, economic, political and cultural life of all societies without any discrimination. There was perhaps only one undeniable truth to be said about this virus; this was his justice, his universal dimension! Regardless of salary, gender, geography, race and ethnicity or social status, the coronavirus has affected everyone. Thus, the coronavirus paralyzed our daily lives; it has been devastating for all our value systems and as a result the education system has not been immune from this scourge. There was a sudden and unresolved upheaval that had undoubtedly had a devastating effect on the continuity of learning. Due to the closure of schools and universities around the world, learning has been almost completely interrupted and is unprecedented in history and still is. Therefore, innovation and creativity fueled by this crisis had to act as leverage to make education systems more equitable, inclusive and flexible. This sudden shift to distance education has forced students and teachers around the world to use technologies to maintain at least the absolutely necessary communication-interaction between them. Effective teaching would not be possible without communication, as new learning often relies on the acquisition of new knowledge. Only in distance education, as in traditional education, interactions are essential for learning. Three types of interactions will be discussed in this study: learner-instructor, learner-content, and learner-learner. Since the education system includes several educational actors, in this study we will focus more on the university level, more specifically on communication and interaction between students and teachers. This qualitative study was carried out using the document analysis method. Structured Abstract: The world that has been hard hit by the Covid-19 pandemic has been grappling with its devastating consequences for a year. The shock wave of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 affected all sectors of activity. Faced with the current crisis, but also with a view to reducing its impact, the administrative and pedagogical teams have indeed mobilized to ensure pedagogical continuity within the universities, attentive to continuing the dissemination of knowledge, to ensuring a link social, to alleviate the sometimes increased isolation of some, and to allow others to maintain an intellectual or cultural activity. Because it was about the academic life of 1.5 billion pupils and students in 165 countries. Business continuity measures have been put in place to ensure minimal operation of the establishment during this period of closure, particularly in terms of education. To this end, distance learning is offered as an alternative guaranteeing educational continuity. It therefore leads students to listen to their friends and teachers to the extent that the preferred platform allows them to do so. Teachers try to do this with synchronous and asynchronous communication. The idea is to maintain the link between teachers and students through tools (forum, web conference, group mail, etc.) and maintain a form of interactivity. For the past year, courses have been conducted by the university's teaching teams on the platform in order to ensure educational continuity for all students. After the first wave of the coronavirus, teachers are once again motivated and are looking at how they could adapt their lessons to these new constraints. They have practiced distance learning so that the innovative solutions implemented have a greater effect. The university's website invites students to follow the instructions sent to them by email (via institutional messaging) by their educational managers. Another tool used to communicate with the entire academic community is social networks. Because, this community is very active, and there are a lot of questions online, from worried students or who asked practical questions about their course. As a platform, Classroom ensures educational continuity. Although some complain that Classroom does not give enough opportunity to discuss and interpret what they see and hear during the course, some say that despite its drawbacks and shortcomings, this online platform allows them to interact at least with their friends and teachers during the course. In distance learning as in traditional education, interactions play an important role in learning. Moore examines three essential types of interaction in distance education: learner-instructor, learner-content, and learner-learner. Nowadays, learners need to interact not only with the teacher or the content, but also with their friends. For most teachers, learner-learner interaction allows students to form online learning groups among themselves, discuss course topics, share ideas, and develop critical thinking skills. Allows. Thus, it encourages learning. Indeed, it can be said that the expected interaction between the students in this sense does not take place. With the closure of schools in 191 countries, millions of learners do not have access to the internet or no computer, recalls Unesco. These inequalities pose a real threat to the continuity of learning in this time of unprecedented disruption to education, underlines Stefania Giannini, UNESCO's Assistant Director-General for Education. A few suggestions: In this new context, it can be difficult to get in touch with students. However, communicating effectively is particularly important for them insofar as the peri